Integrated circuit layout methods, structures, and systems

ABSTRACT

A method of generating a layout of an IC includes identifying a target pin in a first cell in an IC layout, the first cell being adjacent to a second cell and sharing a boundary with the second cell, and determining whether or not the target pin is capable of being extended into the second cell. Based on a determination that the target pin is capable of being extended into the second cell, the target pin is modified to include an extension into the second cell, the target pin thereby crossing the shared boundary. At least one of the identifying, determining, or modifying is executed by a processor of a computer.

BACKGROUND

An integrated circuit (IC) typically includes a number of semiconductordevices. One way to represent a semiconductor device is with a plan viewdiagram referred to as a layout diagram, or IC layout. An IC layout ishierarchical and includes modules which carry out higher-level functionsin accordance with the semiconductor device's design specifications. Themodules are often built from a combination of cells that can includeboth standard and custom cells, each of which represents one or moresemiconductor structures.

Standard cells include logic devices configured to provide common,lower-level logic functions, and have at least one dimension which isthe same size in order to facilitate placement into a layout. Typically,the direction of the fixed dimension is parallel to a vertical directionsuch that the fixed dimension is referred to as a height of the standardcell. Custom cells may or may not have at least one dimension that isthe same size as the corresponding dimension of the standard cell.

To enable routing to interconnect structures to form higher-level ICmodules, both standard and custom cells include conductive pins, thenumber of pins per cell depending on the logic function(s) beingprovided by the cell.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Aspects of the present disclosure are best understood from the followingdetailed description when read with the accompanying figures. It isnoted that, in accordance with the standard practice in the industry,various features are not drawn to scale. In fact, the dimensions of thevarious features may be arbitrarily increased or reduced for clarity ofdiscussion.

FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method of generating a layout of an IC, inaccordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 2A-2E are depictions of an IC layout at various stages ofgenerating the IC layout, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 2F-2J are depictions of an IC layout at various stages ofgenerating the IC layout, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a method of updating a boundary spacingconfiguration of a cell, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 4A and 4B are depictions of a layout of a cell at two stages ofupdating a boundary spacing configuration, in accordance with someembodiments.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a method of determining a target pinextendibility into an adjacent cell, in accordance with someembodiments.

FIG. 6 is a diagram of an IC layout, in accordance with someembodiments.

FIGS. 7A and 7B are diagrams of a semiconductor structure, in accordancewith some embodiments.

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of an IC layout generation system, inaccordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 9 is a depiction of an IC manufacturing system and an ICmanufacturing flow associated therewith, in accordance with someembodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following disclosure provides many different embodiments, orexamples, for implementing different features of the provided subjectmatter. Specific examples of components, values, operations, materials,arrangements, or the like, are described below to simplify the presentdisclosure. These are, of course, merely examples and are not intendedto be limiting. Other components, values, operations, materials,arrangements, or the like, are contemplated. For example, the formationof a first feature over or on a second feature in the description thatfollows may include embodiments in which the first and second featuresare formed in direct contact, and may also include embodiments in whichadditional features may be formed between the first and second features,such that the first and second features may not be in direct contact. Inaddition, the present disclosure may repeat reference numerals and/orletters in the various examples. This repetition is for the purpose ofsimplicity and clarity and does not in itself dictate a relationshipbetween the various embodiments and/or configurations discussed.

Further, spatially relative terms, such as “beneath,” “below,” “lower,”“above,” “upper” and the like, may be used herein for ease ofdescription to describe one element or feature's relationship to anotherelement(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures. The spatiallyrelative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of thedevice in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted inthe figures. The apparatus may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degreesor at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors usedherein may likewise be interpreted accordingly.

In various embodiments, generating an IC layout includes identifying atarget pin in a first cell, the first cell sharing a boundary with asecond cell, determining whether or not the target pin is capable ofbeing extended into the second cell, and, based on a determination thatthe target pin is capable of being extended into the second cell,modifying the target pin to include an extension into the second cell. Asemiconductor structure formed thereby includes the target pinpositioned within regions defined by the first and second cells.

The extended target pin is capable of having an electrical connection toa metal wire positioned along a track on or near the shared boundary.This electrical connection enables the first cell to have a greaternumber of electrical connections than a same-size cell that is notcapable of having an electrical connection to a metal wire positionedalong a track on or near a cell boundary. The overall routingflexibility for the semiconductor device is thereby increased withoutincreasing cell size as compared to approaches in which a cell is notcapable of having an electrical connection to a metal wire positionedalong a track on or near a cell boundary.

FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method 100 of generating a layout of an IC,in accordance with some embodiments. The operations of method 100 arecapable of being performed as part of a method of forming asemiconductor structure. In some embodiments, forming the semiconductorstructure is part of forming one or more semiconductor devices,non-limiting examples of which include memory circuits, logic devices,processing devices, signal processing circuits, and the like.

In some embodiments, some or all of the operations of method 100 arecapable of being performed as part of an automated placement and routing(APR) method. In some embodiments, some or all of the operations ofmethod 100 are capable of being performed by an APR system.

In some embodiments, the operations of method 100 are performed in theorder depicted in FIG. 1. In some embodiments, the operations of method100 are performed in an order other than the order depicted in FIG. 1.In some embodiments, one or more operations are performed before,between, during, and/or after performing one or more operations ofmethod 100.

In some embodiments, some or all of method 100 is executed by aprocessor of a computer. In some embodiments, some or all of method 100is executed by a processor 802 of an IC layout generation system 800,discussed below with respect to FIG. 8.

FIGS. 2A-2E are depictions of a first non-limiting example of an IClayout 200 at various stages of generating IC layout 200 by executingone or more operations of method 100, in some embodiments. FIGS. 2F-2Jare depictions of a second non-limiting example of an IC layout 210 atvarious stages of generating IC layout 210 by executing one or moreoperations of method 100, in some embodiments. IC layouts 200 and 210are simplified for the purpose of clarity. In various embodiments, oneor both of IC layouts 200 or 210 includes features in addition to thosedepicted in FIGS. 2A-2J, e.g., one or more transistor elements, powerrails, isolation structures, or the like. Each of FIGS. 2A-2J furtherdepicts horizontal direction X and vertical direction Y.

At optional operation 105, in some embodiments, one or more layout rulesare received. In some embodiments, receiving the one or more layoutrules includes receiving one or more electronic files containing datausable by an IC manufacturing system as part of an IC manufacturingflow, e.g., IC manufacturing system 900, discussed below with respect toFIG. 9.

In some embodiments, receiving the one or more layout rules includesreceiving the one or more layout rules from a layout rule storagedevice. In some embodiments, receiving the one or more layout rulesincludes receiving layout rules 820 of IC layout generation system 800,discussed below with respect to FIG. 8.

In some embodiments, receiving the one or more layout rules includesreceiving the one or more layout rules over a network. In someembodiments, receiving the one or more layout rules includes receivingthe one or more layout rules over network 814 of IC layout generationsystem 800, discussed below with respect to FIG. 8.

At optional operation 110, in some embodiments, a first cell isreceived. In some embodiments, the first cell is a layout of a standardcell. In some embodiments, the first cell is a layout of an engineeringchange order (ECO) cell. In some embodiments, the first cell is a layoutof a logic cell. In some embodiments, the first cell is a layout of amemory cell. In some embodiments, the first cell is a layout of a customcell.

In some embodiments, receiving the first cell includes receiving one ormore layouts 822 of IC layout generation system 800, discussed belowwith respect to FIG. 8.

In some embodiments, receiving the first cell includes receiving one ormore electronic files containing data usable by an IC manufacturingsystem as part of an IC manufacturing flow, e.g., IC manufacturingsystem 900, discussed below with respect to FIG. 9.

In some embodiments, receiving the first cell includes receiving thefirst cell from a cell library. In some embodiments, receiving the firstcell includes receiving the first cell over a network. In someembodiments, receiving the first cell includes receiving the first cellover network 814 of IC layout generation system 800, discussed belowwith respect to FIG. 8.

The first cell includes an active area, also referred to as an oxidediffusion (OD) region, a gate, and a pin, also referred to as aconductive structure. The active area and gate are part of a transistorcapable of preforming a switching or logic function. The pin iselectrically connected to the active area and/or the gate.

In some embodiments, the first cell includes features in addition to theactive area, gate, and pin. In some embodiments, the active area is oneactive area of a plurality of active areas in the first cell. In someembodiments, the gate is one gate of a plurality of gates in the firstcell. In some embodiments, the pin is one pin of a plurality of pins inthe first cell.

In some embodiments, the active area and gate are part of a planartransistor in the first cell. In some embodiments, the active area andgate are part of a fin, field-effect transistor (FinFET) in the firstcell. In some embodiments, the active area and gate are part of aplurality of transistors in the first cell.

In some embodiments, the pin is a metal zero structure. In someembodiments, the pin includes one or more metal-zero-over-oxide-layersconfigured to provide one or more electrical connections by contactingthe active area. In some embodiments, the pin includes one or moremetal-zero-over-poly-layers configured to provide one or more electricalconnections by contacting the gate.

In some embodiments, receiving the first cell includes receiving thefirst cell having a metal zero cut at one or more boundaries of the cellso that no pin abuts the one or more boundaries. In some embodiments,receiving the first cell includes receiving the first cell being freefrom a metal zero cut at one or more boundaries of the cell so that atleast one pin abuts the one or more boundaries.

At optional operation 115, in some embodiments, a boundary spacingconfiguration of the first cell is updated. In some embodiments,operation 115 is performed prior to operation 110, and the first cell isreceived after a boundary spacing configuration of the first cell hasbeen updated.

In some embodiments, updating the boundary spacing configuration of thefirst cell includes increasing a spacing between the pin and a boundaryof the first cell. In some embodiments, updating the boundary spacingconfiguration of the first cell includes performing one or moreoperations of method 300, discussed below with respect to FIG. 3.

FIG. 2A depicts a non-limiting example of updating a boundary spacingconfiguration of a first cell 200A, in accordance with some embodiments.First cell 200A includes pins PA1, PA2, and PA3 and a boundary 200ABalong the Y direction. As depicted on the left, an initial boundaryspacing configuration of cell 200A includes a spacing S1 along the Xdirection between pin PA2 and boundary 200AB. As depicted on the right,an updated boundary spacing configuration of cell 200A includes aspacing S2 along the X direction between pin PA2 and boundary 200AB inwhich spacing S2 is greater than spacing S1.

In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 2A, updating the boundary spacingconfiguration of first cell 200A by including spacing S2 greater thanspacing S1 corresponds to shifting pin PA2 leftward within first cell200A. In some embodiments, updating the boundary spacing configurationof first cell 200A by including spacing S2 greater than spacing S1corresponds to decreasing a size of pin PA2.

FIG. 2F depicts a non-limiting example of updating a boundary spacingconfiguration of a first cell 210A, in accordance with some embodiments.First cell 210A includes pins PA4, PA5, and PA6 and a boundary 210ABalong the X direction. As depicted on the left, an initial boundaryspacing configuration of cell 210A includes a spacing S3 along the Ydirection between pin PA5 and boundary 210AB. As depicted on the right,an updated boundary spacing configuration of cell 210A includes aspacing S4 along the Y direction between pin PA5 and boundary 210AB inwhich spacing S4 is greater than spacing S3.

In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 2F, updating the boundary spacingconfiguration of first cell 210A by including spacing S4 greater thanspacing S3 corresponds to shifting pin PA5 upward within first cell210A. In some embodiments, updating the boundary spacing configurationof first cell 210A by including spacing S4 greater than spacing S3corresponds to decreasing a size of pin PA5.

At optional operation 120, in some embodiments, a second cell isreceived. Receiving the second cell is performed in the manner describedabove for receiving the first cell at operation 110. In someembodiments, operations 110 and 120 are executed simultaneously, and thefirst and second cells are received together.

In some embodiments, receiving the second cell includes receiving one ormore layouts 822 of IC layout generation system 800, discussed belowwith respect to FIG. 8.

At optional operation 125, in some embodiments, the first cell and thesecond cell are placed adjacent to each other in an IC layout, therebyforming a shared boundary. In some embodiments, placing the first celladjacent to the second cell includes forming the shared boundary usingthe boundary corresponding to increasing the spacing at operation 115.In some embodiments, placing the first cell adjacent to the second cellincludes forming the shared boundary using boundary 200AB of cell 200A,discussed above with respect to FIG. 2A. In some embodiments, placingthe first cell adjacent to the second cell includes forming the sharedboundary using boundary 210AB of cell 210A, discussed above with respectto FIG. 2F.

FIG. 2B depicts a non-limiting example of IC layout 200 including firstcell 200A and a second cell 200B placed adjacent to each other, inaccordance with some embodiments. First cell 200A and second cell 200Bshare boundary 200SB along the Y direction, formed using boundary 200ABof cell 200A, discussed above with respect to FIG. 2A. In addition tofirst cell 200A and second cell 200B, FIG. 2B depicts tracks T1-T10.

Second cell 200B includes pin PB1 aligned along the X direction with pinPA1 of first cell 200A, pin PB2 aligned along the X direction with pinPA2 of first cell 200A, and pin PB3 aligned along the X direction withpin PA2 of first cell 200A.

In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 2B, each of pins PB1, PB2, and PB3abuts shared boundary 200SB. In some embodiments, one or more of pinsPB1, PB2, or PB3 is offset along the X direction from shared boundary200SB within second cell 200B so that the one or more of pins PB1, PB2,or PB3 does not abut shared boundary 200SB.

Tracks T1-T10 correspond to locations along the X direction at whichvias are placed to form electrical connections to one or more of pinsPA1, PA2, PA3, PB1, PB2, or PB3. In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 2B,based on the placement of first cell 200A and second cell 200B and thetrack locations, track T5 is the track nearest shared boundary 200SB.

In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 2B, track T5 is offset along the Xdirection from shared boundary 200SB by a distance O1 and overlies firstcell 200A. In some embodiments, track T5 or another track closest toshared boundary 200SB is offset from shared boundary 200SB and overliessecond cell 200B. In some embodiments, track T5 or another track closestto shared boundary 200SB is not offset from shared boundary 200SB andoverlies shared boundary 200SB.

FIG. 2G depicts a non-limiting example of IC layout 210 including firstcell 210A and a second cell 210B placed adjacent to each other, inaccordance with some embodiments. First cell 210A and second cell 210Bshare boundary 210SB along the X direction, formed using boundary 210ABof cell 210A, discussed above with respect to FIG. 2F. In addition tofirst cell 210A and second cell 210B, FIG. 2G depicts tracks T11-T20.

Second cell 210B includes pin PB4 aligned along the Y direction with pinPA4 of first cell 210A, pin PB5 aligned along the Y direction with pinPA5 of first cell 210A, and pin PB6 aligned along the Y direction withpin PA6 of first cell 210A.

In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 2G, each of pins PB4, PB5, and PB6abuts shared boundary 210SB. In some embodiments, one or more of pinsPB4, PB5, or PB6 is offset along the Y direction from shared boundary210SB within second cell 210B so that the one or more of pins PB4, PB5,or PB6 does not abut shared boundary 210SB.

Tracks T11-T20 correspond to locations along the Y direction at whichvias are placed to form electrical connections to one or more of pinsPA4, PA5, PA6, PB4, PB5, or PB6. In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 2G,based on the placement of first cell 210A and second cell 210B and thetrack locations, track T15 is the track nearest shared boundary 210SB.

In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 2G, track T15 is offset along the Ydirection from shared boundary 210SB by a distance O2 and overlies firstcell 210A. In some embodiments, track T15 or another track closest toshared boundary 210SB is offset from shared boundary 210SB and overliessecond cell 210B. In some embodiments, track T15 or another trackclosest to shared boundary 210SB is not offset from shared boundary210SB and overlies shared boundary 210SB.

At operation 130, a target pin is identified in the second cell. In someembodiments, identifying the target pin is based on an algorithm fordetermining routing of electrical connections to the second cell. Insome embodiments, identifying the target pin is based on an iterativeprocess in which pins in the second cell are sequentially identified. Insome embodiments, identifying the target pin includes receiving aninstruction from a user interface or network.

In some embodiments, identifying the target pin is based on positioninginformation for the one or more pins in the second cell. In someembodiments, identifying the target pin is based on positioninginformation for the one or more pins in the first cell. In someembodiments, identifying the target pin is based on a boundary spacingconfiguration of the first cell. In some embodiments, identifying thetarget pin is based on operation 115, in which the boundary spacingconfiguration of the first cell is updated.

At operation 135, a determination is made as to whether or not thetarget pin is capable of being extended into the first cell. Determiningwhether or not the target pin is capable of being extended into thefirst cell is based on location data for the target pin, the sharedboundary, one or more features of the first cell aligned with the targetpin and across the shared boundary from the target pin, and a trackclosest to the boundary.

In some embodiments, determining whether or not the target pin iscapable of being extended into the first cell is based on location data824 of IC layout generation system 800, discussed below with respect toFIG. 8.

In some embodiments, determining whether or not the target pin iscapable of being extended into the first cell is based on positioning ofone or more pins in the first cell. In some embodiments, determiningwhether or not the target pin is capable of being extended into thefirst cell includes performing one or more operations of method 500,discussed below with respect to FIG. 5.

In some embodiments, based on a determination that the target pin is notcapable of being extended into the first cell, operation 130 is repeatedto identify another target pin in the second cell.

At operation 140, based on a determination that the target pin iscapable of being extended into the first cell, the target pin ismodified to include an extension into the first cell so that the targetpin crosses the shared border. Modifying the target pin to include anextension into the first cell includes adding the extension inaccordance with the determining in operation 135 whether or not thetarget pin is capable of being extended into the first cell.

In some embodiments, because first and second cells include metal zerofeatures, and modifying the target pin to include an extension into thefirst cell is performed after placement of the first and second cellsinto an IC layout, modifying the target pin to include an extension intothe first cell is also referred to as post metal zero routing. In someembodiments, post metal zero routing is part of an APR method.

In some embodiments, modifying the target pin to include an extensioninto the first cell includes adding the extension having the lengthcalculated using method 500 in operation 135. In some embodiments,modifying the target pin to include an extension into the first cellincludes adding the extension having a length greater than the lengthcalculated using method 500 in operation 135.

FIG. 2C depicts a non-limiting example of IC layout 200 in which pin PB2has been modified to include extension PB2EXT. Extension PB2EXT causespin PB2 to extend along the X direction from second cell 200B into firstcell 200A, thereby crossing shared boundary 200SB.

In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 2C, extension PB2EXT underlies trackT5. In some embodiments in which track T5 or another track closest toshared boundary 200SB overlies shared boundary 200SB or second cell200B, extension PB2EXT does not underlie track T5 or the other trackclosest to shared boundary 200SB.

By including extension PB2EXT across shared boundary 200SB, pin PB2 iscapable of having a greater number of routing connections than a pinthat has not been extended across a cell boundary, thereby increasingrouting flexibility without increasing cell size.

FIG. 2H depicts a non-limiting example of IC layout 210 in which pin PB5has been modified to include extension PB5EXT. Extension PB5EXT causespin PB5 to extend along the Y direction from second cell 210B into firstcell 210A, thereby crossing shared boundary 210SB.

In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 2H, extension PB5EXT underlies trackT15. In some embodiments in which track T15 or another track closest toshared boundary 210SB overlies shared boundary 210SB or second cell210B, extension PB5EXT does not underlie track T15 or the other trackclosest to shared boundary 210SB.

By including extension PB5EXT across shared boundary 210SB, pin PB5 iscapable of having a greater number of routing connections than a pinthat has not been extended across a cell boundary, thereby increasingrouting flexibility without increasing cell size.

At optional operation 145, in some embodiments, a wire cut is applied toa pin other than the target pin. In some embodiments, applying a wirecut includes applying a wire cut to one or more pins in the second cellother than the target pin. In some embodiments, applying a wire cutincludes applying a wire cut to one or more pins in the first cell.

In some embodiments, applying a wire cut to a pin other than the targetpin is part of a post metal zero routing operation. In some embodiments,applying a wire cut to a pin other than the target pin is part of a postmetal zero routing operation of an APR method. In some embodiments, bybeing part of a post metal zero routing operation, applying a wire cutto a pin other than the target pin facilitates a routing flow by whichrouting flexibility is increased, as discussed above with respect tooperation 140.

FIG. 2D depicts a non-limiting example of IC layout 200 in which a wirecut PB1CUT has been applied to pin PB1, thereby increasing a space alongthe X direction between pin PB1 and shared boundary 200SB, and a wirecut PB3CUT has been applied to pin PB3, thereby increasing a space alongthe X direction between pin PB3 and shared boundary 200SB.

In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 2D, wire cuts PB1CUT and PB3CUT areapplied to second cell 200B at shared boundary 200SB. In variousembodiments, one or more wire cuts are applied to one or both of firstcell 200A or second cell 200B at one or more locations other than atshared boundary 200SB.

FIG. 2I depicts a non-limiting example of IC layout 210 in which a wirecut PB4CUT has been applied to pin PB4, thereby increasing a space alongthe Y direction between pin PB4 and shared boundary 210SB, and a wirecut PB6CUT has been applied to pin PB6, thereby increasing a space alongthe Y direction between pin PB6 and shared boundary 210SB.

In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 2I, wire cuts PB4CUT and PB6CUT areapplied to second cell 210B at shared boundary 210SB. In variousembodiments, one or more wire cuts are applied to one or both of firstcell 210A or second cell 210B at one or more locations other than atshared boundary 210SB.

At optional operation 150, in some embodiments, an electrical connectionis formed to the target pin extension. In some embodiments, forming theelectrical connection includes forming the electrical connection locatedat a track closest to the shared boundary.

In some embodiments, forming the electrical connection includes formingthe electrical connection overlying the shared boundary. In someembodiments, forming the electrical connection includes forming theelectrical connection overlying both of the first cell and the secondcell. In some embodiments, forming the electrical connection includesforming the electrical connection overlying only one of the first cellor the second cell.

In some embodiments, forming the electrical connection includes forminga via overlying and contacting the target pin extension. In someembodiments, forming the electrical connection includes forming a via ina via zero layer.

In some embodiments, forming the electrical connection includes forminga metal wire overlying and contacting the via. In some embodiments,forming the electrical connection includes forming a metal wire in ametal one layer.

FIG. 2E depicts a non-limiting example of IC layout 200 in which a viaVIA1 overlies and contacts extension PB2EXT and a metal wire WIRE1overlies and contacts via VIA1. In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 2E,via VIA1 and metal wire WIRE1 have a same width (not labeled) and extendalong extension PB2EXT in the X direction for a same distance. In someembodiments, metal wire WIRE1 is wider than via VIA1 and extends alongextension PB2EXT in the X direction for a distance greater than adistance that via VIA1 extends along extension PB2EXT in the Xdirection.

In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 2E, each of via VIA1 and metal wireWIRE1 overlies first cell 200A, shared boundary 200SB, and second cell200B. In some embodiments, metal wire WIRE1 overlies second cell 200Band via VIA1 does not overlie second cell 200B. In some embodiments,metal wire WIRE1 overlies first cell 200B and via VIA1 does not overliefirst cell 200B.

FIG. 2J depicts a non-limiting example of IC layout 210 in which a viaVIA2 overlies and contacts extension PB5EXT and a metal wire WIRE2overlies and contacts via VIA2. In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 2J,via VIA2 and metal wire WIRE2 have a same width (not labeled) and extendalong extension PB5EXT in the Y direction for a same distance. In someembodiments, metal wire WIRE2 is wider than via VIA2 and extends alongextension PB5EXT in the Y direction for a distance greater than adistance that via VIA2 extends along extension PB5EXT in the Ydirection.

In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 2J, each of via VIA2 and metal wireWIRE2 overlies first cell 210A, shared boundary 210SB, and second cell210B. In some embodiments, metal wire WIRE2 overlies second cell 210Band via VIA2 does not overlie second cell 210B. In some embodiments,metal wire WIRE2 overlies first cell 210B and via VIA2 does not overliefirst cell 210B.

At optional operation 155, in some embodiments, based on the IC layout,one or more additional manufacturing operations are performed. In someembodiments, performing one or more additional manufacturing operationsincludes generating one or more files representing the IC layout. Insome embodiments, performing one or more additional manufacturingoperations includes generating one or more sets of masks usable tomanufacture one or more semiconductor structures.

In some embodiments, performing one or more additional manufacturingoperations includes updating and/or storing one or more cells in a celllibrary. In some embodiments, performing one or more additionalmanufacturing operations includes updating and/or storing one or morerouting algorithms.

By executing the operations of method 100, the target pin is capable ofhaving an electrical connection to a metal wire positioned along a trackon or near the shared boundary. This electrical connection enables thesecond cell to have a greater number of electrical connections than asame-size cell that is not capable of having an electrical connection toa metal wire positioned along a track on or near a cell boundary.

By routing an electrical connection to the target pin, space that wouldotherwise be used for an electrical connection to another second cellpin location is made available for routing of electrical connections toother nearby cells, e.g., cells above or below the second. Overallrouting flexibility for the semiconductor structure is thereby increasedwithout increasing cell size as compared to approaches in which a cellis not capable of having an electrical connection to a metal wirepositioned along a track on or near a cell boundary.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a method 300 of updating a boundary spacingconfiguration of a cell, in accordance with some embodiments. Method 300is usable as one or more of operation 115 of method 100, discussed abovewith respect to FIGS. 1-2J, or operations 520 or 540 of method 500,discussed below with respect to FIGS. 5 and 6.

The operations of method 300 are capable of being performed as part of amethod of forming a semiconductor structure. In some embodiments,forming the semiconductor structure is part of forming one or moresemiconductor devices, non-limiting examples of which include memorycircuits, logic devices, processing devices, signal processing circuits,and the like.

In some embodiments, some or all of the operations of method 300 arecapable of being performed as part of an APR method. In someembodiments, some or all of the operations of method 300 are capable ofbeing performed by an APR system.

In some embodiments, the operations of method 300 are performed in theorder depicted in FIG. 3. In some embodiments, the operations of method300 are performed in an order other than the order depicted in FIG. 3.In some embodiments, one or more operations are performed before,between, during and/or after performing one or more operations of method300.

In some embodiments, some or all of method 300 is executed by aprocessor of a computer. In some embodiments, some or all of method 300is executed by a processor 802 of IC layout generation system 800,discussed below with respect to FIG. 8.

FIGS. 4A and 4B are depictions of a non-limiting example of a layout ofa cell 400 at two stages of updating a boundary spacing configuration byexecuting one or more operations of method 300, in some embodiments.Cell 400 is simplified for the purpose of clarity. In variousembodiments, cell 400 includes features in addition to those depicted inFIGS. 4A and 4B, e.g., one or more transistor elements, power rails,isolation structures, or the like. Each of FIGS. 4A and 4B furtherdepicts directions X and Y.

In the non-limiting example depicted in FIGS. 4A and 4B, updating aboundary spacing configuration is based on modifying a boundary pinalong the X direction. In some embodiments, updating a boundary spacingconfiguration is based on modifying a boundary pin along the Ydirection.

At operation 310, a pin in the cell is identified as a boundary pin. Insome embodiments, identifying the pin as the boundary pin is based on alayout location of the pin within the cell. In some embodiments,identifying a pin as the boundary pin includes determining that a spacebetween the pin and a boundary of the cell does not include another pin.

In some embodiments, identifying the pin as the boundary pin is based ona layout location of the pin relative to a single boundary of the cell.In some embodiments, identifying the pin as the boundary pin is based ona layout location of the pin relative to more than one boundary of thecell.

In some embodiments, e.g., embodiments in which method 300 is used asoperation 520 or 540 of method 500, discussed below with respect toFIGS. 5 and 6, identifying the pin as the boundary pin is based on alayout location of the pin relative to a target pin in a neighboringcell.

In some embodiments, identifying the pin as the boundary pin is based onthe pin aligning with a target pin in a neighboring cell. In someembodiments, identifying the pin as the boundary pin is based on the pinand a target pin in a neighboring cell being aligned to within a minimumspacing rule.

In some embodiments, identifying the pin as the boundary pin is based ona received identifier, e.g., an iteration counter, for the pin.

In some embodiments, e.g., embodiments in which method 300 is used asoperation 115 of method 100, discussed above with respect to FIGS. 1-2J,identifying the pin as the boundary pin is based on an iterative processfor sequentially identifying each pin of a plurality of pins in the cellas a potential boundary pin.

In some embodiments, identifying the pin as the boundary pin includesidentifying pin PA2 in first cell 200A, discussed above with respect toFIGS. 1-2E. In some embodiments, identifying the pin as the boundary pinincludes identifying pin PA5 in first cell 210A, discussed above withrespect to FIGS. 1 and 2F-2J.

FIG. 4A depicts a non-limiting example of cell 400 that includes sevenpins 4P1-4P7 and a boundary 400B. Pins 4P1 and 4P2 are aligned in a toprow along the X direction, pins 4P3-4P5 are aligned in a middle rowalong the X direction, and pins 4P6 and 4P7 are aligned in a bottom rowalong the X direction.

In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 4A, each of pins 4P2, 4P5, and 4P7 isa potential boundary pin relative to boundary 400B based on there beingno other pin along the X direction between each of pins 4P1, 4P5, and4P7 and boundary 400B. Pin 4P2 has a boundary spacing 4S1 relative toboundary 400B along the X direction, pin 4P5 has a boundary spacing 4S2relative to boundary 400B along the X direction, and pin 4P7 has aboundary spacing 4S3 relative to boundary 400B along the X direction.

In some embodiments, additional criteria are used to identify a pin as apotential boundary pin. In some embodiments, a pin is identified as apotential boundary pin based on a feature other than another pin, e.g.,a gate, active area, or fin structure, being between the pin and theboundary. In some embodiments, a pin is identified as a potentialboundary pin based on a feature being located within a predetermineddistance of the space between the pin and the boundary, e.g., a pin inan adjacent row.

At operation 320, a determination is made as to whether or not aboundary spacing of the boundary pin is capable of being increased. Insome embodiments, determining whether or not the boundary spacing iscapable of being increased is based on a threshold value for an amountof the increase in the boundary spacing.

In some embodiments, the threshold value is based on an initial value ofthe boundary spacing. In some embodiments, the threshold value is basedon a predetermined minimum boundary spacing value. In some embodiments,the threshold value is based on a projected pin extension of a pin in aneighboring cell. In some embodiments, the threshold value is based on aminimum edge-to-edge spacing rule for the conductive layer in which thepin is positioned.

In some embodiments, determining whether or not the boundary spacing iscapable of being increased does not include a threshold value, and anyincrease in the boundary spacing is sufficient to conclude that theboundary spacing is capable of being increased.

In some embodiments, determining whether or not the boundary spacing iscapable of being increased includes determining whether or not theboundary pin is capable of being shortened. In some embodiments,determining whether or not the boundary spacing is capable of beingincreased includes determining whether or not the boundary pin iscapable of being shifted away from the boundary.

In some embodiments, determining whether or not the boundary spacing iscapable of being increased includes determining whether or not a pinaligned with the boundary pin is capable of being shortened. In someembodiments, determining whether or not the boundary spacing is capableof being increased includes determining whether or not a pin alignedwith the boundary pin is capable of being shifted away from theboundary.

In some embodiments, determining whether or not the boundary spacing iscapable of being increased includes determining whether or not a cellfeature other than another pin, e.g., a gate, active area, or finstructure, is capable of being modified. In some embodiments,determining whether or not the boundary spacing is capable of beingincreased includes determining whether or not a cell feature other thananother pin, e.g., a gate, active area, or fin structure, or another pinaligned with the boundary pin is capable of being shifted away from theboundary pin or another pin aligned with the boundary pin.

In some embodiments, determining whether or not the boundary spacing iscapable of being increased includes a combination of the criteriadiscussed above. In some embodiments, determining whether or not theboundary spacing is capable of being increased is based on one or morelayout rules for the cell. In some embodiments, determining whether ornot the boundary spacing is capable of being increased is based onlayout rules 820 of IC layout generation system 800, discussed belowwith respect to FIG. 8.

At operation 330, based on a determination that the boundary spacing ofthe boundary pin is capable of being increased, the cell is modified byincreasing the boundary spacing of the boundary pin. In someembodiments, modifying the cell includes increasing a single boundaryspacing of a single boundary pin. In some embodiments, modifying thecell includes increasing more than one boundary spacing of a singleboundary pin. In some embodiments, modifying the cell includesincreasing one or more boundary spacing of each boundary pin of aplurality of boundary pins.

In some embodiments, modifying the cell includes increasing the boundaryspacing of the boundary pin by an amount equal to a threshold value. Insome embodiments, modifying the cell includes increasing the boundaryspacing of the boundary pin by an amount greater than a threshold value.In some embodiments, modifying the cell includes increasing the boundaryspacing of the boundary pin by a maximum amount based on one or morelayout rules, e.g., layout rules 820 of IC layout generation system 800,discussed below with respect to FIG. 8.

In some embodiments, increasing the boundary spacing of the boundary pinincludes one or both of shortening the boundary pin or shifting theboundary pin away from the boundary. In some embodiments, increasing theboundary spacing of the boundary pin includes one or both of shorteninganother pin aligned with the boundary pin or shifting the other pin awayfrom the boundary.

In some embodiments, increasing the spacing of the boundary pin includesmodifying or shifting a cell feature other than another pin, e.g., agate, active area, or fin structure. In some embodiments, increasing thespacing of the boundary pin includes a combination of the embodimentsdiscussed above. In some embodiments, increasing the spacing of theboundary pin includes prioritizing among the embodiments discussedabove.

FIG. 4B depicts a non-limiting example in which cell 400 is modifiedbased on determinations that boundary spacings 4S1 and 4S3, depicted inFIG. 4A, are capable of being increased and that boundary spacing 4S2 isnot capable of being increased.

Boundary spacing 4S1 is determined to be capable of being increased byshifting pin 4P2 along the X direction away from boundary 400B based onpin 4P2 initially being separated from pin 4P1 along the X direction bya distance D that exceeds a minimum spacing rule for the conductivelayer in which pins 4P1 and 4P2 are positioned. Based on thedetermination that boundary spacing 4S1 is capable of being increased,cell 400 is modified so that pin 4P2 has a boundary spacing 4S4 greaterthan boundary spacing 4S1, relative to boundary 400B along the Xdirection.

In some embodiments, pin 4P2 is shifted along the X direction away fromboundary 400B so that boundary spacing 4S4 has a value equal to athreshold based on a projected pin extension of a pin in a neighboringcell (not shown), distance D thereby continuing to have a value thatexceeds the minimum spacing rule. In some embodiments, pin 4P2 isshifted along the X direction away from boundary 400B so that distance Dhas a value that equals a minimum spacing rule, boundary spacing 4S4thereby having a value greater than the threshold.

Boundary spacing 4S2 is determined to be incapable of being increasedbased on widths (not labeled) along the X direction of pins 4P3-4P5 anddistances (not labeled) between pins 4P3-4P5 along the X direction. Insome embodiments, boundary spacing 4S2 is determined to be incapable ofbeing increased based on the widths of pins 4P3-4P5 having a value equalto a minimum width rule and the spacing between pins 4P3-4P5 being equalto a minimum spacing rule. In some embodiments, boundary spacing 4S2 isdetermined to be incapable of being increased based on an aggregatedifference between the widths of pins 4P3-4P5 and the minimum width ruleplus an aggregate difference between the pin 4P3-4P5 spacings and theminimum spacing rule being less than a threshold value.

Boundary spacing 4S3 is determined to be capable of being increased byshortening pin 4P7 along the X direction so as to move the edge closestto boundary 400B away from boundary 400B, based on pin 4P7 initiallyhaving a width W greater than a minimum width rule. Based on thedetermination that boundary spacing 4S3 is capable of being increased,cell 400 is modified so that pin 4P7 has a boundary spacing 4S5, greaterthan boundary spacing 4S3, relative to boundary 400B along the Xdirection.

In some embodiments, pin 4P7 is shortened away from boundary 400B alongthe X direction so that boundary spacing 4S5 has a value equal to athreshold based on a projected pin extension of a pin in a neighboringcell (not shown), the width W thereby continuing to have a value thatexceeds the minimum width rule. In some embodiments, pin 4P7 isshortened away from boundary 400B along the X direction so that width Whas a value that equals the minimum width rule, boundary spacing 4S5thereby having a value greater than the threshold.

In some embodiments, based on a determination that the boundary spacingof the boundary pin is capable of being increased, modifying the cellincludes adding or modifying a status indicator of the cellcorresponding to the modification.

In some embodiments, based on a determination that the boundary spacingof the boundary pin is not capable of being increased, the cell ismodified by adding or modifying a status indicator of the cellcorresponding to the determination.

In some embodiments, based on a determination that the boundary spacingof the boundary pin is not capable of being increased, method 300returns to operation 310 and another pin is identified as a boundarypin. In some embodiments, whether or not the boundary spacing of theboundary pin is determined to be capable of being increased, method 300returns to operation 310 and another pin is identified as a boundarypin.

In some embodiments, method 300 returns to operation 310 and another pinis identified as a boundary pin for each pin in the cell. In someembodiments, method 300 returns to operation 310 and another pin isidentified as a boundary pin for each pin in a subset of the pins in thecell. In some embodiments, method 300 returns to operation 310 andanother pin is identified as a boundary pin for each pin in the cell orin a subset of the pins in the cell until a boundary spacingcorresponding to at least one pin is determined to be capable of beingincreased.

At optional operation 340, the cell is saved to a storage device. Insome embodiments, the cell is saved to a cell library.

In some embodiments, the cell is saved conditioned on the cell beingmodified by increasing the boundary spacing of at least one pin in thecell. In some embodiments, the cell is saved whether or not the cell ismodified by increasing the boundary spacing of at least one pin in thecell.

By executing the operations of method 300 to update a boundary spacingconfiguration of a cell, an IC layout including the updated cell iscapable of having an adjacent cell modified to have a pin extend intothe cell, thereby increasing overall routing flexibility for asemiconductor structure as described above with respect to method 100.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a method 500 of determining target pinextendibility, in accordance with some embodiments. Method 500 is usableas operation 135 of method 100, discussed above with respect to FIGS.1-2J.

The operations of method 500 are capable of being performed as part of amethod of forming a semiconductor structure. In some embodiments,forming the semiconductor structure is part of forming one or moresemiconductor devices, non-limiting examples of which include memorycircuits, logic devices, processing devices, signal processing circuits,and the like.

In some embodiments, some or all of the operations of method 500 arecapable of being performed as part of an APR method. In someembodiments, some or all of the operations of method 500 are capable ofbeing performed by an APR system.

In some embodiments, the operations of method 500 are performed in theorder depicted in FIG. 5. In some embodiments, the operations of method500 are performed in an order other than the order depicted in FIG. 5.In some embodiments, one or more operations are performed before,between, during, and/or after performing one or more operations ofmethod 500.

In some embodiments, some or all of method 500 is executed by aprocessor of a computer. In some embodiments, some or all of method 500is executed by a processor 802 of IC layout generation system 800,discussed below with respect to FIG. 8.

FIG. 6 is a depiction of a non-limiting example of an IC layout in whicha determination is made as to whether or not a target pin is capable ofbeing extended into an adjacent cell by executing one or more operationsof method 500, in some embodiments. IC layout 600 is simplified for thepurpose of clarity. In various embodiments, IC layout 600 includesfeatures in addition to those depicted in FIG. 6, e.g., one or moretransistor elements, power rails, isolation structures, or the like.FIG. 6 further depicts directions X and Y.

In the non-limiting example depicted in FIG. 6, determining whether ornot a target pin is capable of being extended into an adjacent cell isbased on extending a target pin along the X direction. In someembodiments, determining whether or not a target pin is capable of beingextended into an adjacent cell is based on extending a target pin alongthe Y direction.

At optional operation 510, in some embodiments, location data for afirst cell, a second cell, a target pin in the second cell, and metalwire routing tracks are received. The location data include the locationof a boundary shared by the first and second cells and the location of ametal wire routing track closest to the shared boundary.

In some embodiments, receiving the location data includes receivinglocation data for first cell 200A, second cell 200B, and track T5,discussed above with respect to FIGS. 1-2E. In some embodiments,receiving the location data includes receiving location data for firstcell 210A, second cell 210B, and track T15, discussed above with respectto FIGS. 1 and 2F-2J.

In some embodiments, the first cell and the second cell correspond toone or more layouts 822 of IC layout generation system 800, discussedbelow with respect to FIG. 8. In some embodiments, receiving thelocation data includes receiving location data 824 of IC layoutgeneration system 800, discussed below with respect to FIG. 8.

FIG. 6 depicts a non-limiting example of an IC layout 600 that includesa first cell 600A including a pin 6PA1, a second cell 600B including apin 6PB1, a shared boundary 600SB, and a track TRK. An extension 6PB1EXTof pin 6PB1 extends into first cell 600A, and a via V6 overliesextension 6PB1EXT. Locations X1-X6 depict locations along the Xdirection.

Pin 6PA1 has a rightmost edge at location X1 and extension 6PB1EXT has aleftmost edge at location X2. Extension 6PB1EXT has a rightmost edge atlocation X6 and pin 6PB1 has a leftmost edge at location X6.

Track TRK and via V6 are positioned at location X4 and shared boundary600SB is positioned at location X6. In the embodiment depicted in FIG.6, location X4 is offset to the left of location X6. In someembodiments, location X4 is offset to the right of location X6. In someembodiments, locations X4 and X6 are a same location.

Via V6 has a leftmost edge at location X3 and a rightmost edge atlocation X5. The distance between locations X2 and X3 is a via enclosurespacing. In some embodiments, the via enclosure spacing is based on aminimum via enclosure spacing rule for the conductive layer in which pin6PP1 is positioned.

In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 6, each of locations X3 and X5 isoffset to the left of location X6. In some embodiments, location X4 isoffset from location X6 such that location X3 is offset to the left oflocation X6 and location X5 is offset to the right of location X6. Insome embodiments, location X4 is offset from location X6 such that eachof locations X3 and X5 is offset to the right of location X6. In someembodiments, location X4 is offset from location X6 such that one oflocations X3 or X5 is a same location as location X6.

At optional operation 520, in some embodiments, a boundary spacingconfiguration of the first cell is updated. In some embodiments,updating the boundary spacing configuration of the first cell includesincreasing a spacing between a pin in the first cell and a boundary ofthe first cell. In some embodiments, updating the boundary spacingconfiguration of the first cell includes performing one or moreoperations of method 300, discussed above with respect to FIG. 3.

In some embodiments, updating the boundary spacing configuration of thefirst cell includes increasing a spacing between locations X1 and X6depicted in FIG. 6.

At operation 530, a length of a target pin extension is calculated basedon the location data and layout rules for the IC layout. Calculating thelength of the target pin extension includes calculating a minimumdistance the target pin is required to extend into the first cell sothat an electrical connection is capable of being formed at a locationof the track closest to the shared border. In some embodiments,calculating the length of the target pin extension is based on one ormore of a via size, an end-to-end spacing rule, or a via enclosurespacing rule.

In some embodiments, calculating the length of the target pin extensionis based on one or more of layout rules 820, one or more layouts 822, orlocation data 824 of IC layout generation system 800, discussed belowwith respect to FIG. 8.

In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 6, extension 6PB1EXT has a lengthequal to the distance between locations X2 and X6. The extension lengthis therefore the sum of the via enclosure spacing from location X2 tolocation X3, a width of via V6 extending from location X3 to X5, and adistance between locations X5 and X6 based on the width of via V6 andthe offset of location X4 relative to location X6.

In some embodiments in which location X5 is offset to the right of or isthe same as location X6, the extension length does not include thedistance between locations X5 and X6. In some embodiments in whichlocation X3 is offset to the left of location X6 and location X5 isoffset to the right of location X6, the extension length includes aportion of the width of via V6 extending from location X3 to locationX6. The size of the portion is based on the width of via V6 and the sizeand direction of the offset between locations X4 and X6.

In some embodiments in which location X3 is the same as location X6, theextension length is equal to the via enclosure spacing from location X2to location X3. In some embodiments in which location X3 is offset tothe right of location X6, the extension length is equal to a portion ofthe via enclosure spacing from location X2 to location X6. The size ofthe portion is based on the via enclosure spacing, the width of the via,and the size and direction of the offset between locations X4 and X6.

In some embodiments, the size of the offset between locations X4 and X6is less than or equal to a predetermined distance based on the viaenclosure spacing, i.e., the distance from location X2 to location X3,summed with one half of the width of via V6, i.e., the distance fromlocation X4 to either of locations X3 and X5. In some embodiments, thesize of the offset between locations X4 and X6 is less than or equal tothe predetermined distance being equal to the via enclosure spacingsummed with one half of the width of via V6. In some embodiments, thesize of the offset between locations X4 and X6 is less than or equal tothe predetermined distance being less than the via enclosure spacingsummed with one half of the width of via V6.

In some embodiments, a size of the offset between locations X4 and X6being greater than the predetermined distance represents track TRK beingpositioned at location X4 sufficiently far from shared boundary 600SB atlocation X6 for via V6 to be capable of overlying pin 6PA1 such thatextension 6PB1EXT is not needed. In some embodiments, a size of theoffset between locations X4 and X6 being greater than the predetermineddistance represents track TRK being positioned at location X4sufficiently far from shared boundary 600SB at location X6 for via V6 tobe capable of overlying pin 6PB1 such that extension 6PB1EXT is notneeded.

At optional operation 540, in some embodiments, a boundary spacingconfiguration of the first cell is updated. In some embodiments,updating the boundary spacing configuration of the first cell includesincreasing a spacing between a pin in the first cell and a boundary ofthe first cell. In some embodiments, updating the boundary spacingconfiguration of the first cell is based on a position of the target pinin the second cell.

In some embodiments, updating the boundary spacing configuration of thefirst cell includes performing one or more operations of method 300,discussed above with respect to FIG. 3.

In some embodiments, updating the boundary spacing configuration of thefirst cell includes increasing a spacing between locations X1 and X6depicted in FIG. 6.

At operation 550, a length of a gap between the target pin extension andan identified feature of the first cell is compared to a minimum spacingrule. In some embodiments, comparing the gap to the minimum spacing ruleincludes comparing the gap between the target pin extension and anidentified boundary pin in the first cell.

In some embodiments, comparing the gap to the minimum spacing ruleincludes comparing the target pin extension to a feature, e.g., a pin,in the first cell aligned with the target pin extension along the Xdirection. In some embodiments, comparing the gap to the minimum spacingrule includes comparing the target pin extension to a feature, e.g., apin, in the first cell aligned with the target pin extension along the Ydirection.

In some embodiments, the gap is one gap of a plurality of gaps based ona plurality of features in the first cell, and comparing the gap to theminimum spacing rule includes comparing each gap of the plurality ofgaps to one or more minimum spacing rules. In some embodiments,comparing the gap to the minimum spacing rule includes comparing thetarget pin location to a rule other than a minimum spacing rule, e.g., arule based on a defined region in a layout.

In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 6, a gap between extension 6PB1EXTand pin 6PA1 has a length along the X direction equal to the distancebetween locations X1 and X2. Comparing the gap to the minimum spacingrule includes comparing the gap to a minimum end-to-end spacing rule forthe conductive layer in which pins 6PA1 and 6PB1 are positioned.

At operation 560, a determination is made as to whether or not thetarget pin is capable of being extended into the first cell based on thecomparison of the gap to the minimum spacing rule. If the gap is greaterthan or equal to the minimum spacing rule, the target pin is determinedto be capable of being extended into the first cell. If the gap is lessthan the minimum spacing rule, the target pin is determined to beincapable of being extended into the first cell.

In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 6, pin 6PB1 is determined to becapable of being extended into cell 600A if the distance betweenlocations X1 and X2 is greater than or equal to the minimum end-to-endspacing rule for the conductive layer in which pins 6PA1 and 6PB1 arepositioned. Pin 6PB1 is determined to be incapable of being extendedinto cell 600A if the distance between locations X1 and X2 is less thanthe minimum end-to-end spacing rule for the conductive layer in whichpins 6PA1 and 6PB1 are positioned.

By executing the operations of method 500 to determine extendibility ofa target pin in a cell, an IC layout including the target pinfacilitates routing of electrical connections to the cell compared torouting of electrical connections to cells that do not include anextended target pin, thereby increasing overall routing flexibility fora semiconductor structure as described above with respect to method 100.

FIGS. 7A and 7B are diagrams of a semiconductor structure 700, inaccordance with some embodiments. Semiconductor structure 700 is formedby executing some or all of the operations of methods 100, 300, and 500,and is configured in accordance with IC layouts 200 and 600 and cell400, discussed above with respect to FIGS. 1-6.

The depictions of semiconductor structure 700 in FIGS. 7A and 7B aresimplified for the purpose of clarity. FIGS. 7A and 7B depict plan viewsof semiconductor structure 700 with various features included andexcluded to facilitate the discussion below. In various embodiments,semiconductor structure 700 includes one or more gate structures orother transistor elements, wells, isolation structures, or the like.FIGS. 7A and 7B further depict directions X and Y. Semiconductorstructure 700 includes a first device region 700A, a second deviceregion 700B, a shared boundary 700SB, a first power rail 700P1, and asecond power rail 700P2. In some embodiments, semiconductor structure700 does not include one or both of first power rail 700P1 or secondpower rail 700P2.

First device region 700A includes first active areas 710A and 720A andfirst gate structures 730A and 740A. First active areas 710A and 720Aand first gate structures 730A and 740A are contained entirely withinfirst device region 700A and are configured as one or more logic devicescapable of performing one or more logical functions.

First device region 700A corresponds to a layout cell, e.g., cell 200A,400, or 600A, discussed above with respect to FIGS. 2A-2E, 4A, 4B, and6.

Second device region 700B includes second active areas 710B and 720B andsecond gate structures 730A and 740A. Second active areas 710B and 720Band second gate structures 730B and 740B are contained entirely withinsecond device region 700B and are configured as one or more logicdevices capable of performing one or more logical functions.

Second device region 700B corresponds to a layout cell, e.g., cell 200Bor 600B, discussed above with respect to FIGS. 2A-2E and 6.

Shared boundary 700SB separates first device region 700A from seconddevice region 700B. Because first device region 700A contains theentireties of first active areas 710A and 720A and second device region700B contains the entireties of second active areas 710B and 720B,shared boundary 700SB is free from intersecting each of first activeareas 710A and 720A and second active areas 710B and 720B.

In the embodiment depicted in FIGS. 7A and 7B, shared boundary 700SB isa straight line oriented in the Y direction. In some embodiments sharedboundary 700SB is a straight line oriented in the X direction.

Semiconductor structure 700 further includes a first metal zero pin P1and a second metal zero pin P2. In some embodiments, semiconductorstructure 700 does not include second metal zero pin P2.

In some embodiments, one or both of first metal zero pin P1 or secondmetal zero pin P2 includes a metal-zero-over-oxide-layer. In someembodiments, one or both of first metal zero pin P1 or second metal zeropin P2 includes a metal-zero-over-poly-layer. In some embodiments, oneor both of first metal zero pin P1 or second metal zero pin P2 includesboth a metal-zero-over-oxide-layer and a metal-zero-over-poly-layer.

First metal zero pin P1 is positioned partially within first deviceregion 700A, partially within second device region 700B, and extendsacross shared boundary 700SB. In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 7A,first metal zero pin P1 is configured to electrically connect to secondactive area 710B. In various embodiments, first metal zero pin P1 isconfigured to electrically connect to one or more other features insecond device region 700B other than or in addition to active area 710B.

In the embodiment depicted in FIGS. 7A and 7B, first metal zero pin P1has a rectangular shape and is oriented along the X direction. Invarious embodiments, first metal zero pin P1 has a shape other than arectangle oriented along the X direction and extends along the Xdirection so as to cross shared boundary 700SB.

In some embodiments, second metal zero pin P2 is positioned entirelywithin first device region 700A. In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 7A,second metal zero pin P2 is configured to electrically connect to firstactive area 710A. In various embodiments, second metal zero pin P2 isconfigured to electrically connect to one or more other features infirst device region 700A other than or in addition to active area 710A.

In the embodiment depicted in FIGS. 7A and 7B, second metal zero pin P2has a rectangular shape and is oriented along the X direction. Invarious embodiments, second metal zero pin P2 has a shape other than arectangle and is positioned entirely within first device region 700A.

In the embodiment depicted in FIGS. 7A and 7B, first metal zero pin P1corresponds to pin 6PB1 and extension 6PB1EXT, and second metal zero pinP2 corresponds to pin 6PA1, discussed above with respect to IC layout600 and FIG. 6. Thus, first metal zero pin P1 and second metal zero pinP2 are configured to have alignment and spacing conforming to that oflayout 600. Accordingly, first metal zero pin P1 and second metal zeropin P2 are separated by a distance (not labeled) equal to or greaterthan a metal zero minimum spacing rule.

A via V1 contacts first metal zero pin P1 and is centered at a locationXV1 along the X direction. Location XV1 and shared boundary 700B areseparated by a distance DV1.

Distance DV1 corresponds to the offset between locations X4 and X6,discussed above with respect to IC layout 600 and FIG. 6. Distance DV1has a value less than or equal to a predetermined distance based on ametal zero minimum via enclosure length. In some embodiments, thepredetermined distance is equal to half a width of via V1 plus the metalzero minimum via enclosure length. In some embodiments, thepredetermined distance is less than half a width of via V1 plus themetal zero minimum via enclosure length.

A metal wire MW1 overlies via V1, is centered at location XV1, and iselectrically connected to via V1. In some embodiments, metal wire MW1 ispart of a first metal layer of a metal interconnect within semiconductorstructure 700. In some embodiments, metal wire MW1 is part of a metallayer of a metal interconnect other than metal one within semiconductorstructure 700.

In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 7B, metal wire MW1 has a rectangularshape and is oriented along the Y direction. In some embodiments, metalwire MW1 has a shape other than a rectangle oriented along the Ydirection and extends along the Y direction so as to be capable offorming an electrical connection to one or more overlying conductiveelements.

In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 7B, each of via V1 and metal wire MW1overlies first device region 700A, second device region 700B, and sharedboundary 700SB. In some embodiments, each of via V1 and metal wire MW1overlies only one of first device region 700A or second device region700B, and does not overlie shared boundary SB. In some embodiments, eachof via V1 and metal wire MW1 overlies only one of first device region700A or second device region 700B, and is aligned with shared boundarySB.

In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 7B, semiconductor structure 700includes vias V2-V5 and metal wires MW2-MW5, centered at respectivelocations XV2-XV5 along the X direction. Each of metal wires MW2-MW5 iselectrically connected to a corresponding via V2-V5.

Locations XV1-XV5 correspond to tracks used for placement of vias andmetal one wires, e.g., tracks T1-T10 of IC layout 200, discussed abovewith respect to FIGS. 2A-2E. Thus, locations XV1-XV5 define a pitch ofmetal wires MW1-MW5 corresponding to a metal one minimum spacing rule.

In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 7B, semiconductor structure 700includes five each of vias V1-V5, metal wires MW1-MW5, and locationsXV1-XV5. In some embodiments, semiconductor structure 700 includes fewerthan five each of vias V1-V5, metal wires MW1-MW5, and locationsXV1-XV5. In some embodiments, semiconductor structure 700 includesgreater than five each of vias V1-V5, metal wires MW1-MW5, and locationsXV1-XV5.

In the embodiment depicted in FIGS. 7A and 7B, semiconductor structure700 is based on IC layout 200, in which a shared boundary extends alongthe Y direction. In some embodiments, a semiconductor structure is basedon IC layout 210, in which a shared boundary extends along the Xdirection.

By being manufactured through execution of some or all of the operationsof methods 100, 300, and 500, and being configured in accordance with IClayouts 200 or 210, IC layout 600, and cell 400, discussed above withrespect to FIGS. 1-6, semiconductor structure 700 enables therealization of the advantages discussed above with respect to methods100, 300, and 500, and FIGS. 1-6.

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of an IC layout generation system 800, inaccordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, IC layoutgeneration system 800 is usable as part of a design house 920 of an ICmanufacturing system 900, discussed below with respect to FIG. 9. Insome embodiments, IC layout generation system 800 is capable ofperforming some or all of the operations of method 100, discussed abovewith respect to FIG. 1, some or all of method 300, discussed above withrespect to FIG. 3, and/or some or all of method 500, discussed abovewith respect to FIG. 5.

IC layout generation system 800 includes a hardware processor 802 and anon-transitory, computer readable storage medium 804 encoded with, i.e.,storing, the computer program instructions 806, i.e., a set ofexecutable instructions. Instructions 806 include instructions forgenerating IC layouts for an IC manufacturing system. The processor 802is electrically coupled with the computer readable storage medium 804via a bus 808. The processor 802 is also electrically coupled with anI/O interface 810 by bus 808. A network interface 812 is alsoelectrically connected to the processor 802 via bus 808. Networkinterface 812 is connected to a network 814, so that processor 802 andcomputer readable storage medium 804 are capable of connecting toexternal elements via network 814. The processor 802 is configured toexecute the computer program instructions 806 encoded in the computerreadable storage medium 804 in order to cause IC layout generationsystem 800 to be usable for performing a portion or all of theoperations as described in methods 100, 300, and 500.

In some embodiments, the processor 802 is a central processing unit(CPU), a multi-processor, a distributed processing system, anapplication specific integrated circuit (ASIC), and/or a suitableprocessing unit.

In some embodiments, the computer readable storage medium 804 is anelectronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, and/or asemiconductor system (or apparatus or device) for storing instructionsand/or data in a non-transitory manner. For example, the computerreadable storage medium 804 includes a semiconductor or solid-statememory, a magnetic tape, a removable computer diskette, a random accessmemory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), a rigid magnetic disk, and/or anoptical disk. In some embodiments using optical disks, the computerreadable storage medium 804 includes a compact disk-read only memory(CD-ROM), a compact disk-read/write (CD-R/W), and/or a digital videodisc (DVD).

In some embodiments, the computer readable storage medium 804 stores thecomputer program instructions 806 configured to cause IC layoutgeneration system 800 to perform a portion or all of methods 100, 300,and 500. In some embodiments, the computer readable storage medium 804also stores information needed for performing methods 100, 300, and/or500 as well as information generated during the performance of themethods 100, 300, and/or 500, such as one or more layout rules 820, oneor more layouts 822, location data 824, and/or instructions 806 toperform one or more operations of methods 100, 300, and 500.

I/O interface 810 is coupled with external circuitry. In someembodiments, I/O interface 810 includes a keyboard, keypad, mouse,trackball, trackpad, and/or cursor direction keys for communicatinginformation and/or commands to processor 802. In some embodiments, I/Ointerface 810 includes a display, signal light, and/or audio device forcommunicating information from processor 802.

Network interface 812 allows IC layout generation system 800 tocommunicate with network 814, to which one or more other computersystems are connected. Network interface 812 includes wireless networkinterfaces such as BLUETOOTH, WIFI, WIMAX, GPRS, or WCDMA; or wirednetwork interface such as ETHERNET, USB, or IEEE-1394. In someembodiments, one or more of methods 100, 300, or 500 is implemented intwo or more IC layout generation systems 800, and information such asone or more layout rules 820, one or more layouts 822, or location data824 are exchanged between different systems 800 via network 814.

IC layout generation system 800 is configured to receive informationrelated to generating IC layouts. The information is transferred toprocessor 802 via bus 808 and is then stored in computer readablestorage medium 804 as one or more layout rules 820, one or more layouts822, location data 824, or instructions 806. In some embodiments, theone or more layout rules 820 are accessed in operation 105 (FIG. 1)and/or method 300 (FIG. 3) and/or method 500 (FIG. 5). In someembodiments, the one or more layouts 822 are accessed in operations 110and 120 (FIG. 1) and/or method 300 (FIG. 3) and/or method 500 (FIG. 5).In some embodiments, the location data 824 are accessed in one or moreof operations 125-155 (FIG. 1) and/or operation 510 (FIG. 5).

By being configured to execute a portion or all of methods 100, 300, and500, IC layout generation system 800 enables the realization of theadvantages discussed above with respect to methods 100, 300, and 500,and FIGS. 1-6.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram of IC manufacturing system 900, and an ICmanufacturing flow associated therewith, in accordance with someembodiments.

In general, system 900 generates a layout (e.g., any one of IC layout200, discussed above with respect to FIGS. 1-2E, layout 210, discussedabove with respect to FIGS. 1 and 2F-2J, layout 600, discussed abovewith respect to FIGS. 5 and 6, or cell 400, discussed above with respectto FIGS. 3-4B, or the like). Based on the layout, system 900 fabricatesat least one of (A) one or more semiconductor masks or (B) at least onecomponent in a layer of an inchoate semiconductor integrated circuit.

In FIG. 9, IC manufacturing system 900 includes entities, such as designhouse 920, a mask house 930, and an IC manufacturer/fabricator (“fab”)950, that interact with one another in the design, development, andmanufacturing cycles and/or services related to manufacturing an ICdevice 960. The entities in system 900 are connected by a communicationsnetwork. In some embodiments, the communications network is a singlenetwork. In some embodiments, the communications network is a variety ofdifferent networks, such as an intranet and the Internet. Thecommunications network includes wired and/or wireless communicationchannels. Each entity interacts with one or more of the other entitiesand provides services to and/or receives services from one or more ofthe other entities. In some embodiments, two or more of design house920, mask house 930, and IC fab 950 is owned by a single larger company.In some embodiments, two or more of design house 920, mask house 930,and IC fab 950 coexist in a common facility and use common resources.

Design house (or design team) 920 generates an IC design layout 922. ICdesign layout 922 includes various geometrical patterns designed for anIC device 960. The geometrical patterns correspond to patterns of metal,oxide, or semiconductor layers that make up the various components of ICdevice 960 to be fabricated. The various layers combine to form variousIC features. For example, a portion of IC design layout 922 includesvarious IC features, such as an active area, gate electrode, source anddrain, metal lines or vias of an interlayer interconnection, andopenings for bonding pads, to be formed in a semiconductor substrate(such as a silicon wafer) and various material layers disposed on thesemiconductor substrate. Design house 920 implements a proper designprocedure to form IC design layout 922. The design procedure includesone or more of logic design, physical design or place and route. ICdesign layout 922 is presented in one or more data files havinginformation of the geometrical patterns. For example, IC design layout922 can be expressed in a GDSII file format or DFII file format.

Mask house 930 includes data preparation 932 and mask fabrication 944.Mask house 930 uses IC design layout 922 to manufacture one or moremasks to be used for fabricating the various layers of IC device 960according to IC design layout 922. Mask house 930 performs mask datapreparation 932, where IC design layout 922 is translated into arepresentative data file (“RDF”). Mask data preparation 932 provides theRDF to mask fabrication 944. Mask fabrication 944 includes a maskwriter. A mask writer converts the RDF to an image on a substrate, suchas a mask (reticle) or a semiconductor wafer. The design layout ismanipulated by mask data preparation 932 to comply with particularcharacteristics of the mask writer and/or requirements of IC fab 950. InFIG. 9, mask data preparation 932 and mask fabrication 944 areillustrated as separate elements. In some embodiments, mask datapreparation 932 and mask fabrication 944 can be collectively referred toas mask data preparation.

In some embodiments, mask data preparation 932 includes opticalproximity correction (OPC) which uses lithography enhancement techniquesto compensate for image errors, such as those that can arise fromdiffraction, interference, other process effects or the like. OPCadjusts IC design layout 922. In some embodiments, mask data preparation932 includes further resolution enhancement techniques (RET), such asoff-axis illumination, sub-resolution assist features, phase-shiftingmasks, other suitable techniques, or the like or combinations thereof.In some embodiments, inverse lithography technology (ILT) is also used,which treats OPC as an inverse imaging problem.

In some embodiments, mask data preparation 932 includes a mask rulechecker (MRC) that checks the IC design layout that has undergoneprocesses in OPC with a set of mask creation rules which contain certaingeometric and/or connectivity restrictions to ensure sufficient margins,to account for variability in semiconductor manufacturing processes, orthe like. In some embodiments, the MRC modifies the IC design layout tocompensate for limitations during mask fabrication 944, which may undopart of the modifications performed by OPC in order to meet maskcreation rules.

In some embodiments, mask data preparation 932 includes lithographyprocess checking (LPC) that simulates processing that will beimplemented by IC fab 950 to fabricate IC device 960. LPC simulates thisprocessing based on IC design layout 922 to create a simulatedmanufactured device, such as IC device 960. The processing parameters inLPC simulation can include parameters associated with various processesof the IC manufacturing cycle, parameters associated with tools used formanufacturing the IC, and/or other aspects of the manufacturing process.LPC takes into account various factors, such as aerial image contrast,depth of focus (“DOF”), mask error enhancement factor (“MEEF”), othersuitable factors, or the like or combinations thereof. In someembodiments, after a simulated manufactured device has been created byLPC, if the simulated device is not close enough in shape to satisfydesign rules, OPC and/or MRC are be repeated to further refine IC designlayout 922.

It should be understood that the above description of mask datapreparation 932 has been simplified for the purpose of clarity. In someembodiments, data preparation 932 includes additional features such as alogic operation (LOP) to modify the IC design layout according tomanufacturing rules. Additionally, the processes applied to IC designlayout 922 during data preparation 932 may be executed in a variety ofdifferent orders.

After mask data preparation 932 and during mask fabrication 944, a maskor a group of masks are fabricated based on the modified IC designlayout. In some embodiments, an electron-beam (e-beam) or a mechanism ofmultiple e-beams is used to form a pattern on a mask (photomask orreticle) based on the modified IC design layout. The mask can be formedin various technologies. In some embodiments, the mask is formed usingbinary technology. In some embodiments, a mask pattern includes opaqueregions and transparent regions. A radiation beam, such as anultraviolet (UV) beam, used to expose the image sensitive material layer(e.g., photoresist) which has been coated on a wafer, is blocked by theopaque region and transmits through the transparent regions. In oneexample, a binary mask includes a transparent substrate (e.g., fusedquartz) and an opaque material (e.g., chromium) coated in the opaqueregions of the mask. In another example, the mask is formed using aphase shift technology. In the phase shift mask (PSM), various featuresin the pattern formed on the mask are configured to have proper phasedifference to enhance the resolution and imaging quality. In variousexamples, the phase shift mask can be attenuated PSM or alternating PSM.The mask(s) generated by mask fabrication 944 is used in a variety ofprocesses. For example, such a mask(s) is used in an ion implantationprocess to form various doped regions in the semiconductor wafer, in anetching process to form various etching regions in the semiconductorwafer, and/or in other suitable processes.

IC fab 950 is an IC fabrication business that includes one or moremanufacturing facilities for the fabrication of a variety of differentIC products. In some embodiments, IC Fab 950 is a semiconductor foundry.For example, there may be a manufacturing facility for the front endfabrication of a plurality of IC products (front-end-of-line (FEOL)fabrication), while a second manufacturing facility may provide the backend fabrication for the interconnection and packaging of the IC products(back-end-of-line (BEOL) fabrication), and a third manufacturingfacility may provide other services for the foundry business.

IC fab 950 uses the mask (or masks) fabricated by mask house 930 tofabricate IC device 960. Thus, IC fab 950 at least indirectly uses ICdesign layout 922 to fabricate IC device 960. In some embodiments, asemiconductor wafer 952 is fabricated by IC fab 950 using the mask (ormasks) to form IC device 960. Semiconductor wafer 952 includes a siliconsubstrate or other proper substrate having material layers formedthereon. Semiconductor wafer further includes one or more of variousdoped regions, dielectric features, multilevel interconnects, or thelike (formed at subsequent manufacturing steps).

Details regarding an integrated circuit (IC) manufacturing system (e.g.,system 900, discussed above with respect to FIG. 9), and an ICmanufacturing flow associated therewith are found, e.g., in U.S. Pat.No. 9,256,709, granted Feb. 9, 2016, U.S. Pre-Grant Publication No.20150278429, published Oct. 1, 2015, U.S. Pre-Grant Publication No.20140040838, published Feb. 6, 2014, and U.S. Pat. No. 7,260,442,granted Aug. 21, 2007, the entireties of each of which are herebyincorporated by reference.

In some embodiments, a method of generating a layout of an IC includesidentifying a target pin in a first cell in an IC layout, the first cellbeing adjacent to a second cell and sharing a boundary with the secondcell, determining whether or not the target pin is capable of beingextended into the second cell, and based on a determination that thetarget pin is capable of being extended into the second cell, modifyingthe target pin to include an extension into the second cell, the targetpin thereby crossing the shared boundary. At least one of theidentifying, determining, or modifying is executed by a processor of acomputer. In some embodiments, the modifying the target pin includesextending a metal zero conductive structure. In some embodiments, themodifying the target pin includes calculating a length of the extensionbased on a track for an overlying conductive structure. In someembodiments, the modifying the target pin includes calculating a lengthof the extension based on a minimum via enclosure rule. In someembodiments, the second cell includes a boundary pin aligned with thetarget pin, and the method further includes increasing a spacing betweenthe boundary pin and the shared boundary. In some embodiments, theincreasing the spacing includes applying a metal zero cut to theboundary pin. In some embodiments, the method further includes routing asignal wire to the extension. In some embodiments, the first cell or thesecond cell includes another pin, and the method further includesapplying a metal zero cut to the another pin at the shared boundary.

In some embodiments, a semiconductor structure includes a first deviceregion, the first device region containing an entirety of a first activearea of a first logic device, a second device region, the second deviceregion containing an entirety of a second active area of a second logicdevice, wherein the second device region shares a boundary with thefirst device region. The semiconductor structure also includes a firstmetal zero pin positioned partially within the first device region,partially within the second device region, and extending across theboundary, and a via contacting the first metal zero pin, wherein adistance from the center of the via to the boundary is less than orequal to a first predetermined distance. In some embodiments, the firstpredetermined distance is equal to half a width of the via plus a metalzero minimum via enclosure length. In some embodiments, thesemiconductor structure also includes a second metal zero pin alignedwith the first metal zero pin, wherein the second metal zero pin ispositioned entirely within either the first device region or the seconddevice region, and the first metal zero pin and the second metal zeropin are separated by a second distance greater than a secondpredetermined distance. In some embodiments, the semiconductor structurealso includes a metal one wire contacting the via. In some embodiments,the via is a first via of a plurality of vias and the metal one wire isa first metal one wire of a plurality of metal one wires, wherein eachmetal one wire is aligned with a corresponding via, the plurality ofmetal one wires includes a second metal one wire overlying the firstdevice region and third metal one wire overlying the second deviceregion, the first metal one wire and the second metal one wire have apitch corresponding to a metal one minimum spacing rule, and the firstmetal one wire and the third metal one wire have a pitch correspondingto the metal one minimum spacing rule. In some embodiments, the metalone wire overlies the boundary.

In some embodiments, an IC layout generation system includes a processorand a non-transitory, computer readable storage medium includingcomputer program code for one or more programs. The non-transitory,computer readable storage medium and the computer program code areconfigured to, with the processor, cause the system to receive a firstcell, the first cell including a first metal zero structure, receive asecond cell, place the first cell adjacent to the second cell in an IClayout, the first cell and the second cell thereby sharing a boundary,receive a metal zero spacing rule. Based on the metal zero spacing rule,the first metal zero structure is extended across the border and intothe second cell and a layout is generated of a semiconductor structurebased on the first cell and the second cell. In some embodiments, asecond metal zero structure in the second cell is identified as aboundary pin, and a size of the second metal zero structure is reduced.In some embodiments, the second metal zero structure in the second cellis identified as the boundary pin based on a space between the secondmetal zero structure and the boundary being free from an additionalmetal zero structure. In some embodiments, the size of the second metalzero structure is reduced based on the second metal zero structure beingaligned with the first metal zero structure. In some embodiments, thesize of the second metal zero structure is reduced by an amount based ona metal zero minimum spacing rule. In some embodiments, a set of masksis generated based on the layout.

The foregoing outlines features of several embodiments so that thoseskilled in the art may better understand the aspects of the presentdisclosure. Those skilled in the art should appreciate that they mayreadily use the present disclosure as a basis for designing or modifyingother processes and structures for carrying out the same purposes and/orachieving the same advantages of the embodiments introduced herein.Those skilled in the art should also realize that such equivalentconstructions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the presentdisclosure, and that they may make various changes, substitutions, andalterations herein without departing from the spirit and scope of thepresent disclosure.

1. A method of generating a layout of an integrated circuit (IC), themethod comprising: identifying a target pin in a first cell in an IClayout, the first cell being adjacent to a second cell and sharing aboundary with the second cell; determining whether or not the target pinis capable of being extended into the second cell; and based on adetermination that the target pin is capable of being extended into thesecond cell, modifying the target pin to include an extension into thesecond cell, the target pin thereby crossing the shared boundary,wherein at least one of the identifying, determining, or modifying isexecuted by a processor of a computer.
 2. The method of claim 1, whereinthe modifying the target pin comprises extending a metal zero conductivestructure.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the modifying the targetpin comprises calculating a length of the extension based on a track foran overlying conductive structure.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein themodifying the target pin comprises calculating a length of the extensionbased on a minimum via enclosure rule.
 5. The method of claim 1, whereinthe second cell comprises a boundary pin aligned with the target pin,and the method further comprises increasing a spacing between theboundary pin and the shared boundary.
 6. The method of claim 5, whereinthe increasing the spacing comprises applying a metal zero cut to theboundary pin.
 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising routing asignal wire to the extension.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein thefirst cell or the second cell comprises another pin, and the methodfurther comprises applying a metal zero cut to the another pin at theshared boundary. 9-14. (canceled)
 15. An integrated circuit (IC) layoutgeneration system comprising: a processor; and a non-transitory,computer readable storage medium including computer program code for oneor more programs, the non-transitory, computer readable storage mediumand the computer program code being configured to, with the processor,cause the system to: receive a first cell, the first cell comprising afirst metal zero structure; receive a second cell; place the first celladjacent to the second cell in an IC layout, the first cell and thesecond cell thereby sharing a boundary; receive a metal zero spacingrule; based on the metal zero spacing rule, extend the first metal zerostructure across the border and into the second cell; and generate alayout of a semiconductor structure based on the first cell and thesecond cell.
 16. The IC layout generation system of claim 15, whereinthe non-transitory, computer readable storage medium and the computerprogram code are configured to, with the processor, further cause thesystem to: identify a second metal zero structure in the second cell asa boundary pin; and reduce a size of the second metal zero structure.17. The IC layout generation system of claim 16, wherein thenon-transitory, computer readable storage medium and the computerprogram code are configured to, with the processor, further cause thesystem to: identify the second metal zero structure in the second cellas the boundary pin based on a space between the second metal zerostructure and the boundary being free from an additional metal zerostructure.
 18. The IC layout generation system of claim 16, wherein thenon-transitory, computer readable storage medium and the computerprogram code are configured to, with the processor, further cause thesystem to: reduce the size of the second metal zero structure based onthe second metal zero structure being aligned with the first metal zerostructure.
 19. The IC layout generation system of claim 16, wherein thenon-transitory, computer readable storage medium and the computerprogram code are configured to, with the processor, further cause thesystem to: reduce the size of the second metal zero structure by anamount based on a metal zero minimum spacing rule.
 20. The IC layoutgeneration system of claim 15, wherein the non-transitory, computerreadable storage medium and the computer program code are configured to,with the processor, further cause the system to generate one or moredata files usable for creating a set of masks based on the layout.
 21. Amethod of generating a layout of an integrated circuit (IC), the methodcomprising: calculating a length of a target pin extension for a targetpin in a first cell in an IC layout, the first cell being adjacent to asecond cell and sharing a boundary with the second cell; comparing alength of a gap between the target pin extension and an identifiedfeature of the second cell to a minimum spacing rule; and based on adetermination that the gap is larger than the minimum spacing rule,modifying the target pin to include the target pin extension into thesecond cell, the target pin thereby crossing the shared boundary,wherein at least one of the calculating, comparing, or modifying isexecuted by a processor of a computer.
 22. The method of claim 21,further comprising receiving location data for the first cell, thesecond cell, and the target pin, wherein the calculating the length ofthe target pin extension is based on the location data.
 23. The methodof claim 21, further comprising updating a boundary spacingconfiguration of the second cell prior to the calculating the length ofthe target pin extension.
 24. The method of claim 21, further comprisingupdating a boundary spacing configuration of the second cell after thecalculating the length of the target pin extension.
 25. The method ofclaim 21, wherein the calculating the length of the target pin extensionis based on one or more of a via size, an end-to-end spacing rule, or avia enclosure spacing rule.
 26. The method of claim 21, wherein thecalculating the length of the target pin extension comprises calculatingthe length of a metal zero conductive structure.